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a)-32( class,)-32( ask)-32( to)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(represent)-11( the)-22( class)-16( if)-29( the)-22( director,)-35( partner)-8( or)-52( member)-39( designated)-49( by)-3( that)-38( entity)-22( is)-43( a)-32( member)-39( of)-48( the)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC T* [(class)-16( on)-6( behalf)-41( of)-48( which)-32( the)-22( entity)-22( is)-43( seeking)-25( to)-48( institute)-25( a)-32( class)-16( action,)-54( and)-38( the)-22( designee\222s)-43( interest)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(is)-43( related)-2( to)-48( the)-22( purposes)-5( for)-9( which)-32( the)-22( entity)-22( was)-45( constituted.\224)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -2.471 TD [(Quebec)-27( is)-43( currently)-48( the)-22( only)-48( Canadian)-14( jurisdiction)-42( which)-32( prevents)-47( businesses)-57( with)-46( more)-16( than)-54( 50)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(employees)-47( from being)-25( part)-42( of)-48( a)-32( class)-16( action,)-54( thereby)-18( depriving)-2( them)-12( of)-48( the)-22( opportunity)-53( to)-48( exercise)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC T* [(their)-55( rights)-26( in)-45( this)-32( way.)-3( This)-52( is)-43( unfortunate,)-16( particularly)-48( in)-46( respect)-15( of)-48( claims)-49( based)-41( on)-6( section)-8( 36)-6( of)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 Tw 0 -1.235 TD [(the)-22( )]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT1 1 Tf 0.016 Tw 1.706 0 Td [(Competition)-18( Act)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 7.118 0 Td [( alleging)-25( anti)-35(-)-20(competitive)-2( practices)-58( or)-52( in)-45( the)-22( area)-58( of)-48( securities)-12( class)-16( actions.)-25( In)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC -8.824 -1.235 Td [(the)-22( past,)-8( since)-19( they)-51( were)-9( barred)-51( from instituting)-11( class)-16( actions,)-25( some)-26( small)-20( and)-38( medium)-32(-)-20(sized)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC T* [(businesses)-57( and)-38( cooperatives)-37( had)-38( to)-48( choose)-11( between)-43( filing)-3( their)-55( own)-48( proceedings)-24( or)-52( joining)-51( a)-32( class)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(action)-38( outside)-11( Quebec.)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -2.471 TD [(The)-42( new)-48( Code)-22( will)-24( allow)-16( a)-32( legal)-6( person)-2( established)-60( for)-9( a)-32( private)-58( interest,)-31( a)-32( partnership)-57( or)-52( an)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(association)-57( to)-48( be)-6( a)-32( class)-16( representative)-17( on)-6( the)-22( sole)-48( condition)-57( that)-38( it)-29( be)-6( a)-32( member)-39( of)-48( the)-22( class.)-32( In)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC T* [(addition,)-43( even)-8( if)-29( it)-29( isn\222t)-45( a)-32( class)-16( member,)-55( it)-29( will)-24( be)-6( allowed)-22( to)-48( act)-19( as)-3( a)-32( representative)-17( if)-29( one)-38( of)-48( its)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(directors,)-6( partners)-38( or)-52( a)-32( member)-39( it)-29( designates)-46( is)-43( a)-32( class)-16( member)-39( and)-38( the)-22( designee\222s)-43( interest)-15( is)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(related)-2( to)-48( the)-22( purposes)-5( for)-9( which)-32( the)-22( legal)-6( person,)-18( partnership)-57( or)-52( association)-57( was)-45( constituted.)-4( This)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC T* [(is)-43( how)-48( a)-32( consumer)-22( advocate)-1( such)-6( as)-3( Option)-54( Consommateur)-47( can)-35( bring)-12( a)-32( class)-16( action)-38( to)-48( enforce)-18( the)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT1 1 Tf 0 -1.235 TD [(Consumer)-35( Protection)-27( Act)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 11.235 0 Td [(.)-16( All)-7( it)-29( needs)-41( is)-43( a)-32( designated)-49( person)-2( who)-48( states)-38( his)-16( or)-52( her)-26( personal)-47( cause)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC -11.235 -1.235 Td [(of)-48( action)-38( against)-11( the)-22( respondent,)-13( as)-3( article)-39( 1048)-11( C.C.P.)-55( currently)-48( requires.)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT2 1 Tf 0 -2.471 TD [(MULTI)-4(-)-20(JURISDICTIONAL)-23( CLASS)-23( ACTIONS)-29( \(ARTICLE)-40( 577)-38( C.P.C.\))]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 0 -1.235 TD [(Another)-27( new)-48( feature:)-21( the)-22( legislator)-58( deemed)-34( it)-29( useful)-38( to)-48( make)-26( rules)-9( for)-9( multi)-7(-)-20(jurisdictional)-28( class)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC T* [(actions,)-25( which)-32( involve)-6( an)-6( often)-11( complex)-42( assortment)-54( of)-48( overlapping)-7( claims)-49( that)-38( are)-26( sometimes)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(concurrent)-41( and,)-54( on)-6( other)-15( occasions,)-41( filed)-48( by)-3( the)-22( same)-26( law)-29( firm)-40( in)-45( more)-16( than)-54( one)-38( Canadian)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(jurisdiction.)-58( They)-12( often)-11( involve)-6( the)-22( same)-26( parties,)-15( cause)-38( and)-38( object,)-54( which)-32( can)-35( lead)-51( to)-48( a)-32( situation)-41( of)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 Tw 0 -1.235 TD [(international)-24( )]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT1 1 Tf 0.016 Tw 5.765 0 Td [(lis)-56( pendens)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 5.176 0 Td [(,)-16( not)-22( to)-48( mention)-31( the)-22( risk)-33( of)-48( contradictory)-41( judgments.)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC -10.941 -2.471 Td [(\223)-20( 577.)-54( The)-42( court)-12( cannot)-57( refuse)-45( to)-48( authorize)-5( a)-32( class)-16( action)-38( on)-6( the)-22( sole)-48( grounds)-34( that)-38( the)-22( class)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC T* [(members)-9( are)-26( part)-42( of)-48( a)-32( multi)-7(-)-20(jurisdictional)-28( class)-16( action)-38( already)-15( under)-31( way)-45( outside)-11( Qu\351bec.)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -2.471 TD [(If)-32( asked)-38( to)-48( decline)-8( jurisdiction,)-58( to)-48( stay)-48( an)-6( application)-43( for)-9( authorization)-40( to)-48( institute)-25( a)-32( class)-16( action)-38( or)-52( to)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(stay)-48( a)-32( class)-16( action,)-54( the)-22( court)-12( is)-43( required)-38( to)-48( have)-8( regard)-51( for)-9( the)-22( protection)-21( of)-48( the)-22( rights)-26( and)-38( interests)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC T* [(of)-48( Qu\351bec)-27( residents.)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -2.471 TD [(If)-32( a)-32( multi)-7(-)-20(jurisdictional)-28( class)-16( action)-38( has)-35( been)-11( instituted)-57( outside)-11( Qu\351bec,)-44( the)-22( court,)-28( in)-45( order)-19( to)-48( protect)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(the)-22( rights)-26( and)-38( interests)-44( of)-48( class)-16( members)-9( resident)-31( in)-45( Qu\351bec,)-43( may)-52( disallow)-32( the)-22( discontinuance)-36( of)-48( an)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(application)-43( for)-9( authorization,)-56( or)-52( authorize)-5( another)-21( plaintiff)-8( or)-52( representative)-17( plaintiff)-8( to)-48( institute)-25( a)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(class)-16( action)-38( involving)-51( the)-22( same)-26( subject)-8( matter)-48( and)-38( the)-22( same)-26( class)-16( if)-29( it)-29( is)-43( convinced)-27( that)-38( the)-22( class)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(members\222)-23( interests)-44( would)-35( thus)-51( be)-6( better)-31( served.\224)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -2.471 TD [(In)-48( principle,)-58( a)-32( Quebec)-27( court)-12( cannot)-57( deny)-8( an)-6( application)-44( for)-9( a)-32( class)-16( action)-38( for)-9( the)-22( sole)-48( reason)-2( that)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(members)-9( of)-48( the)-22( class)-16( are)-26( involved)-38( in)-46( a)-32( class)-16( action)-38( pending)-30( outside)-11( Quebec.)-43( That)-58( is)-43( consistent)-27( with)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(the)-22( approach)-7( generally)-2( taken)-25( by)-3( Quebec)-27( courts.)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -2.471 TD [(The)-42( legislator)-58( now)-48( sets)-48( out)-22( criteria)-59( the)-22( court)-12( must)-9( take)-51( into)-35( account)-27( prior)-59( to)-48( making)-12( a)-32( decision,)-54( thus)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(linking)-48( up)-6( with)-46( articles)-9( 3135)-11( and)-38( 3137)-11( of)-48( the)-22( )]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT1 1 Tf [(Civil)-53( Code)-22( of)-48( Qu\351bec)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 29.765 0 Td [( \(C.C.Q.\), which)-32( set)-19( out)-22( the)]TJ EMC ET endstream endobj 3 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState 154 0 R/XObject 155 0 R>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 9/Type/Page/Tabs/S>> endobj 4 0 obj [11 0 R] endobj 5 0 obj <>stream /CS0 cs 1 scn 36 766.552 576 -694.552 re f /P <>BDC q 36 72 576 695 re W n BT 0 scn /TT0 1 Tf 0.016 Tw 10.5517 0 0 10.5517 60.8276 757.2414 Tm [(private)-58( international)-24( law)-29( rules)-9( respecting)-34( jurisdiction)-42( and)-38( )]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /TT1 1 Tf 10.5517 0 0 10.5517 328.9655 757.2414 Tm [(lis)-56( pendens)]TJ ET EMC /P <>BDC BT /TT0 1 Tf 0 Tw 10.5517 0 0 10.5517 383.5862 757.2414 Tm (.)Tj ET EMC Q BT /P <>BDC 0 scn /TT0 1 Tf 0.016 Tw 10.5517 0 0 10.5517 60.8276 731.1724 Tm [(In)-48( addition,)-43( the)-22( court)-12( is)-43( required)-38( to)-48( take)-51( into)-35( consideration)-53( the)-22( protection)-21( of)-48( the)-22( rights)-26( and)-38( interests)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(of)-48( Quebec)-27( residents)-2( if)-29( and)-38( when)-22( it)-29( is)-43( asked)-38( to)-48( decline)-8( jurisdiction)-42( or)-52( suspend)-43( a)-32( motion)-58( for)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(authorization)-40( to)-48( institute)-25( a)-32( class)-16( action)-38( in)-46( Quebec.)-43( This)-52( new)-48( requirement)-18( of)-48( article)-39( 577)-38( C.C.P.)-55( is)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(intended)-46( to)-48( further)-51( circumscribe)-36( the)-22( discretion)-15( of)-48( the)-22( judge)-25( dealing)-11( with)-46( a)-32( motion)-58( to)-48( stay.)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -2.471 TD [(It)-32( is)-43( apparent)-53( that)-38( the)-22( legislator)-58( wishes)-3( to)-48( favour)-44( proximity)-59( justice)-48( by)-3( causing)-25( a)-32( judge)-25( from Quebec)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(to)-48( rule)-39( on)-6( the)-22( rights)-26( of)-48( class)-16( members)-9( who)-48( are)-26( Quebec)-27( residents,)-18( all)-59( the)-22( more)-16( so)-3( when)-22( such)-6( rights)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(involve)-6( the)-22( application)-44( of)-48( public)-35( interest)-15( rules)-9( in)-45( fields)-19( such)-6( as)-3( insurance)-18( law,)-46( labour)-44( law)-29( and)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(consumer)-22( law.)-45( In)-48( fact,)-51( the)-22( legislator)-58( wants)-35( to)-48( avoid)-22( a)-32( situation)-41( where)-42( a)-32( judge)-25( from another)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 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international)-23( lis)-56( pendens)-46( situation,)-57( will)-24( be)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(better)-31( served)-58( if)-29( the)-22( motion)-58( is)-43( denied.)-14( This)-52( was)-46( recently)-28( the)-22( case)-6( in)-46( )]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT1 1 Tf 0 Tw (Choquette)Tj EMC /P <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 0.016 Tw 34.824 0 Td [( c.)-45( )]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT1 1 Tf [(Atlantic)-15( Power)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 Tw -34.824 -1.471 Td (Corporation)Tj EMC /P <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 5.235 0 Td (.)Tj EMC ET /Link <>BDC BT /CS1 cs 0 0 1 scn /TT0 1 Tf 8.6897 0 0 8.6897 119.1724 510.8276 Tm (2)Tj ET /CS1 CS 0 0 1 SCN 0.621 w q 1 0 0 1 119.1724 510.2069 cm 0 0 m 4.966 0 l S Q EMC BT /P <>BDC /CS0 cs 0 scn /TT0 1 Tf 0.016 Tw 10.5517 0 0 10.5517 60.8276 481.0345 Tm [(Similarly,)-4( per)-26( article)-39( 577,)-54( parag.)-47( 3)-32( C.C.P.,)-12( the)-22( court)-12( will)-24( grant)-15( a)-32( motion)-58( for)-9( the)-22( discontinuance)-36( of)-48( an)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(application)-43( for)-9( authorization)-40( filed)-48( in)-45( Quebec)-27( \(to)-9( make)-26( way)-46( for)-9( proceedings)-24( instituted)-57( elsewhere\))-51( only)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(if)-29( it)-29( is)-43( convinced)-27( that)-38( the)-22( interests)-44( of)-48( Quebec)-27( residents)-2( who)-48( are)-26( members)-9( of)-48( the)-22( class)-16( will)-24( be)-6( better)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(served)-58( thereby.)-34( Note)-6( that)-38( such)-6( discretion)-15( already)-15( exists)-32( since)-19( current)-6( article)-39( 1016)-11( C.C.P.)-55( provides)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(that)-38( the)-22( representative)-17( cannot)-57( discontinue)-60( the)-22( class)-16( action)-38( without)-8( permission)-48( from the)-22( court.)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -2.471 TD [(The)-42( Quebec)-27( Bar)-32( expressed)-34( doubt)-27( regarding)-11( the)-22( need)-11( for)-9( C.C.P.)-55( article)-39( 577)-38( and)-38( the)-22( usefulness)-43( of)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(adopting)-46( rules)-9( on)-6( multi)-7(-)-20(jurisdictional)-28( class)-16( actions.)-25( It)-32( noted)-27( that)-38( the)-22( court)-12( now)-48( has)-35( all)-59( the)-22( powers)-12( it)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(needs)-41( to)-48( suspend)-43( review)-52( of)-48( a)-32( motion)-58( for)-9( authorization,)-56( particularly)-48( pursuant)-50( to)-48( the)-22( international)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(private)-58( law)-29( rules)-9( found)-27( in)-46( C.C.P.)-55( articles)-9( 3076)-11( and)-38( following.)-8( But)-28( the)-22( legislator)-58( obviously)-8( wishes)-3( to)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(more)-16( clearly)-52( circumscribe)-36( the)-22( discretion)-15( of)-48( the)-22( judge,)-41( who)-48( will)-24( henceforth)-40( not)-22( be)-6( allowed)-22( to)-48( grant)-15( a)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC T* [(motion)-58( to)-48( stay)-48( a)-32( class)-16( action)-38( brought)-21( in)-45( Quebec)-27( or)-52( the)-22( discontinuance)-36( thereof)-5( unless)-51( it)-29( is)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC T* [(demonstrated)-4( that)-38( such)-6( an)-6( application)-43( is)-43( not)-22( contrary)-35( to)-48( the)-22( interests)-44( of)-48( justice)-48( and)-38( that)-38( the)-22( interests)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(of)-48( the)-22( Quebec)-27( members)-9( will)-24( be)-6( better)-31( served)-58( if)-29( the)-22( class)-16( action)-38( is)-43( allowed)-22( to)-48( proceed)-34( in)-45( a)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(jurisdiction)-42( other)-15( than)-54( Quebec.)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT2 1 Tf 0 -2.471 TD [(RIGHT)-7( OF)-23( APPEAL)-3( AT)-20( THE AUTHORIZATION)-17( STAGE)-25( \(ARTICLE)-40( 578)-38( C.C.P.\))]TJ EMC /P <>BDC /TT0 1 Tf 0 -1.235 TD [(Current)-19( article)-39( 1010)-11( C.C.P.)-55( prevents)-47( a)-32( respondent)-56( from appealing)-17( a)-32( judgment)-5( authorizing)-50( a)-32( class)]TJ EMC /P <>BDC 0 -1.235 TD [(action,)-54( while)-16( the)-22( applicant)-57( may)-52( appeal)-57( as)-3( of)-48( right)-55( a)-32( judgment)-5( dismissing)-39( its application.)-60( This)-52( is)-43( a)]TJ EMC 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