Publications
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AI in the Courtroom: A Call to Order in Specter Aviation
Eight quotes hallucinated by AI cost $5,000 for substantial breach (art. 342 C.C.P.) in the Specter Aviation case.1 While AI can improve access to justice, unverified AI use can lead to sanctions, adding to the risks unrepresented parties face. Quebec courts advocate for openness to AI, but with (…)
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Export controls: implications in a world of knowledge sharing
Introduction When we hear the term “export controls,” we may think it only applies to weapons and other highly sensitive technologies, but that is not the case. There are a multitude of circumstances—some unexpected—to which it is important to know that export controls apply. This is especially (…)
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A judgment rendered by a civil court in Quebec may be valid for life
Executing a judgment in Quebec In Quebec, a bailiff can proceed with the forced execution1 of a judgment rendered by a civil court, such as the Court of Québec or the Superior Court,2 as soon as it becomes final,3 in accordance with article 656 of the Code of Civil Procedure (C.C.P.). Execution (…)
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Natural Hydrogen: Energy Potential and Legal Context in Quebec and France
What is natural hydrogen? Natural hydrogen, also called native hydrogen, does exist. It refers to hydrogen found naturally in the environment, often as a gas trapped underground. Unlike industrially produced hydrogen, which results from chemical processes, natural hydrogen is extracted directly (…)
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Public construction: Prompt payments and simplified dispute resolution
On July 30, 2025, the Regulation respecting prompt payments and the prompt settlement of disputes with regard to construction work (hereinafter the “Regulation”) was published in the Gazette officielle du Québec. Since September 8, 2025, the Regulation has been coming into force gradually,1 in (…)
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Provincial Budget 2025: Significant Increase in Public Utility Tax (PUT) Rates
The PUT is a crucial component of provincial finances and has a significant impact on the operating costs of the many companies providing essential services. The PUT was introduced in Quebec in fiscal 2004–2005 to replace the municipal property tax on specific infrastructure used by companies in (…)
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Provincial Budget 2025: Major Changes to the Tax Credit for the Development of E-Business (TCEB)
In this bulletin, we will be discussing the TCEB as part of our series on the 2025 Quebec budget and corporate taxation. This particular tax credit aims to boost innovation and competitiveness in the digital marketplace by providing strategic tax assistance to businesses specializing in information (…)
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Reminder: Canada’s Modern Slavery Act Report Due by May 31, 2025
Many Canadian entities and other entities conducting business in Canada have reporting obligations under the Fighting Against Forced Labour and Child Labour in Supply Chains Act (the “Modern Slavery Act”), which came into effect on January 1, 2024. These obligations include completing an online (…)
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Election day is soon: What obligations do employers have regarding the federal election?
On April 28, 2025, Canadian voters will go to the polls for the federal election. Now is a good time to go over what obligations employers have under the Canada Elections Act1 (the “Act”) and what penalties apply should employers breach their obligations. Summary Employers are required to give (…)
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Announcement of U.S. Customs Tariffs: Repercussions and Trade Strategies for Canadian and Quebec Businesses
Nearly four years after the Canada-United States-Mexico Agreement (the “CUSMA” or the “Agreement”) came into force, U.S. President-elect Donald Trump announced on November 25, 2024, that he would impose 25% tariffs on all products entering the U.S. from Canada and Mexico, starting on the first day (…)
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Proof of incapacity: analysis of CIUSSS de L’Ouest-de-L’île-de-Montréal (ST. Mary’s Hospital Center) c. R.C.
PROOF OF INCAPACITY: ANALYSIS OF CIUSSS DE L’OUEST-DE-L’ÎLE-DE-MONTRÉAL (ST. MARY’S HOSPITAL CENTER) c. R.C.1 Summary The authors comment on this decision rendered on September 20, 2024, in which the Court of Appeal ruled on the capacity to consent to care in the presence of a psychiatric (…)
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Financing Quebec’s Energy Transition: Unlocking the Potential of Flow-Through Shares
Quebec has set ambitious energy transition and industrial decarbonization targets. The shift to greener practices has to be taken in a context where our energy consumption could rapidly grow under the combined effect of a number of factors, such as the reindustrialization of our economy, population (…)
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The elected domicile appearing in the Québec Enterprise Register cannot provide a basis for the Superior Court’s territorial jurisdiction within the meaning of article 41(3) of the Code of Civil Proce
Introduction On July 11, 2024, the Court of Appeal1 rendered a decision that, for the first time, addresses the question of whether the elected domicile appearing in the Québec Enterprise Register (the “REQ”), established under the Act respecting the legal publicity of enterprises,2 can provide a (…)